Here's what happens:
* Magnesium (Mg) is more reactive than copper (Cu). This means that magnesium has a stronger tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.
* When magnesium is placed in a solution of copper sulfate (CuSO₄), the magnesium atoms donate electrons to the copper ions (Cu²⁺) in the solution.
* This causes the copper ions to gain electrons and become neutral copper atoms, which then precipitate out of the solution as solid copper.
* The magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) formed during the reaction dissolve in the solution, replacing the copper ions.
The overall reaction can be represented by the following equation:
Mg(s) + CuSO₄(aq) → MgSO₄(aq) + Cu(s)
Observations:
* You'll notice a reddish-brown solid (copper) forming on the surface of the magnesium metal.
* The blue color of the copper sulfate solution will gradually fade as the copper ions are consumed.
Important Note: This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. The reaction vessel may feel warm to the touch.
