1. Carbohydrates: These are the primary source of energy for living organisms. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are broken down to release energy through cellular respiration. Examples include sugars (glucose, fructose), starches, and cellulose.
2. Proteins: Proteins are the workhorses of life. They are made up of amino acids linked together in long chains. Proteins perform a vast array of functions, including:
* Enzymes: Catalyze chemical reactions.
* Structural support: Provide strength and shape to cells and tissues.
* Hormones: Regulate bodily processes.
* Antibodies: Fight infections.
* Transport: Carry molecules across cell membranes.
3. Nucleic Acids: These molecules store and transmit genetic information. There are two main types:
* DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): Contains the genetic blueprint for an organism, passed down from generation to generation.
* RNA (Ribonucleic acid): Plays a key role in protein synthesis, translating the DNA code into functional proteins.
