Common Minerals:

* Diamonds: While technically a form of carbon (an element), diamonds are mined for their unique properties and use in jewelry and industrial applications.

* Sulfur: Used in fertilizers, gunpowder, and other industrial processes.

* Phosphate Rock: A key ingredient in fertilizers.

* Halite (Rock Salt): Used for food seasoning, road de-icing, and industrial applications.

* Gypsum: Used in drywall, plaster of Paris, and cement.

* Potash: A potassium-rich mineral used as a fertilizer.

* Quartz: Used in electronics, glass, and abrasive materials.

* Feldspar: Used in ceramics, glass, and other materials.

* Talc: Used in cosmetics, lubricants, and ceramics.

* Graphite: A form of carbon used in pencils, lubricants, and electrodes.

Less Common Minerals:

* Bauxite: The primary ore for aluminum production.

* Borax: Used in detergents, fertilizers, and other industrial processes.

* Fluorspar: Used in the production of aluminum, steel, and other materials.

* Lithium: Used in batteries and other applications.

* Mica: Used in insulation, paint, and other materials.

* Asbestos: Used in insulation and other applications, but its use is now restricted due to health concerns.

Other Substances:

* Coal: A fossil fuel mined for its energy content.

* Natural Gas: A fossil fuel mined for its energy content.

* Petroleum: A fossil fuel mined for its energy content and other products.

Note: While these substances are generally considered non-metallic, some may contain trace amounts of metals or be associated with metallic ores.

It's important to note that the mining of non-metal substances can have environmental impacts, so sustainable mining practices are crucial.