1. Melting Point/Freezing Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid (melting point) or from a liquid to a solid (freezing point). This is a very specific property for each substance.
2. Boiling Point/Condensation Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (boiling point) or from a gas to a liquid (condensation point). Similar to melting point, this is very specific to a substance.
3. Density: The mass of a substance per unit volume. Density is often expressed as grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). This property can help distinguish between substances, especially if their volumes are similar.
4. Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, typically water. Different substances have different solubilities, with some dissolving readily and others being insoluble.
5. Chemical Reactivity: How a substance interacts with other substances. This can involve things like:
* Combustion: How easily a substance burns.
* Reaction with acids or bases: Whether a substance reacts with acids or bases and what products are formed.
* Oxidation: How readily a substance reacts with oxygen.
Important Note:
It's often necessary to use multiple properties to confidently identify a substance. For example, two substances might have similar melting points, but their densities could be very different.
