* In constant, random motion. This motion is not uniform or predictable, but rather chaotic and constantly changing.
* Possessing kinetic energy. This energy is directly related to their temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move and the more kinetic energy they possess.
* Interacting with each other through collisions. These collisions can be elastic (energy is conserved) or inelastic (energy is lost), and they influence the overall behavior of the substance.
* The average kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the absolute temperature. This means that as the temperature increases, the average speed of the particles also increases.
These properties explain the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and the changes between them. For example, in a solid, the particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place, while in a gas, they are far apart and move freely.
