Soluble Compounds:
* Salts: Most salts, like table salt (NaCl), dissolve readily in water.
* Sugars: Simple sugars like glucose and fructose dissolve easily.
* Acids: Many acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), are very soluble in water.
* Bases: Many bases, like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), are also highly soluble.
* Ethanol: Alcohol, like ethanol, is miscible with water, meaning they can mix in any proportion.
Factors Affecting Solubility:
* Polarity: Water is a polar molecule (one end is slightly positive, the other slightly negative). Substances with similar polarity to water, like salts and sugars, dissolve well. Nonpolar substances, like oils, do not.
* Temperature: Generally, increasing temperature increases solubility for most solids.
* Pressure: Pressure has a significant impact on the solubility of gases in liquids. Higher pressure increases solubility.
Examples of Common Substances that Dissolve in Water:
* Salt (NaCl)
* Sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)
* Vinegar (acetic acid)
* Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
* Soap
* Detergent
* Coffee
* Tea
* Juice
* Many medications
Things that do NOT dissolve in water:
* Oils and fats (nonpolar)
* Sand
* Plastic
* Wood
Remember: Dissolution is a complex process influenced by many factors. Some substances dissolve only partially, forming solutions with a limit to how much solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
