The enzyme that causes the chemical breakdown of a substance is called a hydrolase.

Here's why:

* Hydrolysis: This is the chemical process where water is used to break down a larger molecule into smaller ones.

* Hydrolases: These are enzymes that catalyze (speed up) hydrolysis reactions.

Examples of hydrolases:

* Peptidases: Break down proteins into peptides and amino acids.

* Lipases: Break down fats (lipids) into glycerol and fatty acids.

* Amylases: Break down carbohydrates (starches) into sugars.

* Nucleases: Break down nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) into nucleotides.

Let me know if you have any other questions!