1. Calcium salts:
* Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): Found in Tums and other antacids. It reacts with HCl to form calcium chloride (CaCl2), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
* Calcium citrate (Ca3(C6H5O7)2): A more readily absorbed form of calcium, often found in antacids designed for calcium supplementation.
2. Magnesium salts:
* Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2): Found in Milk of Magnesia and other antacids. It neutralizes HCl to form magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and water (H2O).
* Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3): Similar to calcium carbonate in its action, it reacts with HCl to form magnesium chloride (MgCl2), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
3. Aluminum salts:
* Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3): Found in Maalox and other antacids. It neutralizes HCl to form aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and water (H2O).
* Aluminum carbonate (Al2(CO3)3): Similar to other carbonates, it reacts with HCl to form aluminum chloride (AlCl3), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
4. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3): Also known as baking soda, it is sometimes found in antacids. It reacts with HCl to form sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Note: Antacids containing sodium bicarbonate can raise blood pressure and may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions.
Combination Antacids: Many antacids combine multiple salts to provide faster and more effective relief. They may also include ingredients like simethicone to reduce gas and bloating.
