* Alcohol (usually red-colored): This is the most common alternative to mercury. It has a lower freezing point than mercury, making it suitable for measuring lower temperatures.
* Galinstan: This is an alloy of gallium, indium, and tin. It's non-toxic and has a very low melting point, making it suitable for measuring very low temperatures.
* Kerosene: Used in some thermometers, particularly those designed for high temperatures.
The specific liquid used depends on the intended use of the thermometer and the temperature range it needs to measure.
