* Size and shape: Filtration relies on the size and shape of the particles being separated. A filter has pores or openings of a specific size. Particles smaller than the pore size pass through, while larger particles are retained. This is a physical property, not a chemical one.

* Solubility: In some cases, filtration can be used to separate solids from liquids based on solubility. For example, a filter paper might be used to separate sand from water. This is still a physical property because it's about the ability of the sand to dissolve in water.

* Density: In some cases, the density difference between particles might influence their separation during filtration. For example, in a centrifuge, heavier particles settle to the bottom. However, the primary driving force is still size and shape.

Example:

Imagine using a coffee filter. The coffee grounds are trapped because they are larger than the pores in the filter, while the liquid coffee passes through. This is based entirely on physical size, not on any chemical reactions.

Important Note:

While filtration primarily utilizes physical properties, chemical properties can play a role in specific cases:

* Surface charge: Some filters use charged materials to attract or repel specific particles.

* Chemical reactions: Certain filters might contain substances that chemically bind with specific contaminants, effectively removing them.

However, these are less common than the basic physical principles of filtration.