These receptors are called central chemoreceptors. They are located near the ventral surface of the medulla, close to the respiratory center that controls breathing.
Here's why:
* Carbon Dioxide and pH: Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in blood and forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), which lowers blood pH. The central chemoreceptors are highly sensitive to changes in pH.
* Stimulating Breathing: When blood CO2 levels rise (and pH drops), the central chemoreceptors send signals to the respiratory center. This results in increased breathing rate and depth to expel more CO2 and restore blood pH to normal.
While central chemoreceptors are the primary ones for CO2, there are also peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid and aortic bodies. These are more sensitive to oxygen levels but also contribute to CO2 sensing.
