Here's why:
* Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue and red wavelengths. This is because these wavelengths correspond to the energy levels needed to excite electrons in the chlorophyll molecule.
* Green light is reflected. This is why leaves appear green – they reflect the green wavelengths they don't absorb.
The energy absorbed from blue and red light is used to excite an electron in the chlorophyll molecule, raising it to a higher energy level. This "excited" electron is then passed along an electron transport chain, eventually leading to the production of ATP and NADPH – the energy carriers used in photosynthesis.
While all wavelengths of visible light can be absorbed by chlorophyll to some extent, blue and red light are the most effective because they provide the specific energy levels needed to drive the excitation process.