- Bicarbonate (HCO3-): This ion is composed of one hydrogen atom, one carbon atom, and three oxygen atoms.

- Carbonate (CO3^2-): This ion consists of one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms with two negative electric charges.

- Formate (HCOO-): This ion contains one hydrogen atom, one carbon atom, and oxygen atoms.

- Acetate (CH3COO-): This ion includes two hydrogen atoms, two carbon atoms, and three oxygen atoms.

- Propionate (CH3CH2COO-): This ion includes three hydrogen atoms, three carbon atoms, and three oxygen atoms.

- Lactate (CH3CHOHCOO-): This ion contains four hydrogen atoms, three carbon atoms, and three oxygen atoms