Solids
When a solid is heated, the particles vibrate more vigorously and begin to break away from their fixed positions. As the temperature increases, the particles gain more energy and move more freely, eventually reaching a point where they can move past each other. This is the melting point of the solid, and the solid will transform into a liquid.
Liquids
When a liquid is heated, the particles gain energy and move even faster. This causes the liquid to expand and become less dense. As the temperature rises, the particles move more quickly and spread out further,eventually leading to the liquid reaching its boiling point. At this point, the particles have enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together, and the liquid will transform into a gas.
The rate at which a solid or liquid expands when heated depends on several factors, including the substance's specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion. These properties govern how easily the particles gain kinetic energy and how efficiently they transfer heat throughout the substance.
