1. Concentration of Reactants and Products: Changing the concentration of reactants and products can affect the cell potential. Increasing the concentration of reactants (oxidizing agent or reducing agent) increases the cell potential, while increasing the concentration of products decreases the cell potential. This is because increasing the concentration of reactants shifts the equilibrium towards the products, while increasing the concentration of products shifts the equilibrium towards the reactants.

2. Temperature: Temperature can also affect the cell potential. Increasing the temperature increases the cell potential for an exothermic reaction (a reaction that releases heat) and decreases the cell potential for an endothermic reaction (a reaction that absorbs heat). This is because increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium towards the products for an exothermic reaction and towards the reactants for an endothermic reaction.

3. Pressure: Pressure can only affect the cell potential if one of the reactants or products is a gas. Increasing the pressure of a gaseous reactant or product shifts the equilibrium towards the side with fewer moles of gas. This can affect the cell potential because it changes the relative concentrations of reactants and products.