In arc welding processes like shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), the electrode holder is connected to the positive terminal, while the ground clamp is connected to the negative terminal. This creates a flow of electrons from the electrode to the workpiece, resulting in the melting of the electrode and base metal, forming a weld pool.
With reverse polarity, the workpiece becomes positively charged, attracting electrons from the negatively charged electrode. This leads to increased penetration and a narrower weld profile compared to straight polarity (electrode negative). The deeper penetration is often preferred when thicker workpieces need to be welded.
The choice of polarity, whether straight or reverse, depends on several factors, including the welding process, material composition, joint design, and desired weld characteristics.
