- Reactants: water and NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) from NADP reductase

- Products: oxygen and reduced cofactors NADPH from NADP reductase, and ATP or another energy molecule through photophosphorylation.

Light-Independent Reactions or Calvin Cycle Reactions:

- Reactants: carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through carbon fixation and NADPH and ATP produced in the light-dependent reactions.

- Products: energy-rich organic molecules such as glucose, fructose, lipids, starch for storage.