1. State and explain Gay-Lussac's law of gaseous volumes.
2. Explain the concept of limiting reagent in a chemical reaction.
3. Derive the formula to calculate the enthalpy of combustion for a hydrocarbon.
4. Describe the mechanism of electrophilic addition reaction in alkenes.
5. Explain the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond.
6. Discuss the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons by Friedel-Crafts reaction.
7. Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction in alkyl halides.
8. Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
9. Discuss the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by oxidation of alcohols.
10. Describe the mechanism of aldol condensation reaction.
11. Explain the concept of resonance in organic chemistry.
12. Discuss the preparation of carboxylic acids by hydrolysis of nitriles.
13. Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic addition reaction in carboxylic acid derivatives.
14. Explain the difference between an amide and an ester.
15. Discuss the preparation of amines by reduction of nitro compounds.
16. Describe the mechanism of Hofmann bromamide degradation reaction.
17. Explain the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary amine.
18. Discuss the preparation of diazonium salts and their applications in organic synthesis.
19. Describe the mechanism of Sandmeyer reaction.
20. Explain the difference between azo and hydrazo compounds.
