Sodium is a highly reactive metal, so when added to water, it undergoes a vigorous chemical reaction called hydrolysis. This reaction involves the transfer of electrons from sodium atoms to water molecules, breaking the O-H bonds in water. As a result, hydrogen gas (H2) is released, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base, is formed.

The overall chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with water can be represented as follows:

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

This reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a large amount of heat, and can be potentially dangerous if significant quantities of sodium are added to water. Therefore, it is crucial to handle sodium with caution, especially in the presence of water, to prevent any accidents or injuries.