Nitric acid (HNO3) exists as a highly corrosive, colourless inorganic mineral acid. It is one of the most important nitrogen-containing compounds, and a strong oxidizing agent. It is primarily produced through a chemical process called the Ostwald process, which involves the oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and finally nitric acid. Nitric acid is commonly found in concentrated form, usually ranging from 52% to 68% concentration, and is often referred to as "fuming nitric acid" or "aqua fortis" due to its highly reactive nature and the release of reddish-brown fumes when exposed to air. It's crucial to handle nitric acid with appropriate safety measures due to its corrosive and oxidizing properties.