1) The Bayer process involves dissolving the ore in a hot, concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium aluminate. This solution is then cooled, and the aluminium hydroxide precipitates out.
2) The Hall-Héroult process involves electrolysing a molten mixture of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and cryolite (Na3AlF6). This process is energy-intensive, so it is important to ensure that the ore is pure enough to avoid impurities that could reduce the efficiency of the electrolysis.
In contrast, a blast furnace is typically used to extract iron from iron ore. This involves heating the ore in the presence of a reducing agent, such as coke, to produce molten iron. The molten iron is then tapped out of the furnace and cast into various products.