- Ammonium ion (NH4+)
- Sulfate ion (SO4^2-)
- Phosphate ion (PO4^3-)
- Chlorate ion (ClO3-)
- Carbonate ion (CO3^2-)
- Silicate ion (SiO4^4-)
In each of these ions, the central atom (N, S, P, Cl, C, or Si) is surrounded by four electron pairs, which arrange themselves in a tetrahedral shape to minimize repulsion between the electron pairs.