1. Coniine: This is the primary toxic alkaloid in poison hemlock. It is a fast-acting neurotoxin that affects the central nervous system, causing paralysis and respiratory depression. Coniine is responsible for the majority of the plant's toxicity.
2. Conhydrine: Another alkaloid found in poison hemlock, conhydrine is similar in structure and toxicity to coniine, although it is less potent.
3. Gamma-coniceine: A less common alkaloid in poison hemlock, gamma-coniceine has similar effects to coniine and conhydrine but is less toxic.
4. Methylconiine: Another minor alkaloid in the plant, methylconiine has similar properties to coniine but is less potent.
These toxic alkaloids are found in all parts of the plant, including the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. The concentration of these compounds can vary depending on the plant's age, growing conditions, and time of year.
