- Silicon (Si): Atomic number 14

- Germanium (Ge): Atomic number 32

Number of Protons and Electrons:

- Silicon: 14 protons and 14 electrons

- Germanium: 32 protons and 32 electrons

Number of Neutrons:

- Silicon: 14 neutrons (most common isotope, Si-28)

- Germanium: 42 neutrons (most common isotope, Ge-74)

Electron Configuration:

- Silicon: 2, 8, 4

- Germanium: 2, 8, 18, 4

Atomic Radius:

- Silicon: 111 picometers (pm)

- Germanium: 122 pm

Ionic Radius:

- Silicon: 41 pm (Si4+)

- Germanium: 53 pm (Ge4+)

Covalent Radius:

- Silicon: 117 pm

- Germanium: 122 pm

Electronegativity:

- Silicon: 1.90 (Pauling scale)

- Germanium: 2.01 (Pauling scale)

Crystal Structure:

- Silicon: Diamond cubic structure

- Germanium: Diamond cubic structure (similar to silicon but with larger lattice spacing)

Band Gap:

- Silicon: 1.12 electronvolts (eV) (at room temperature)

- Germanium: 0.67 eV (at room temperature)

Mobility of Charge Carriers:

- Silicon: Higher mobility of electrons and holes compared to germanium

- Germanium: Lower mobility of electrons and holes compared to silicon

Applications:

- Silicon: Widely used in integrated circuits (ICs), transistors, solar cells, and various electronic devices due to its excellent semiconducting properties.

- Germanium: Primarily used in high-speed electronic devices, infrared optics, radiation detectors, and some specialized semiconductors.