- Inorganic ions that contain nitrogen.

- Major plant nutrient required for growth and protein synthesis.

- Highly mobile and can be easily leached out of the soil.

- Excess nitrates can cause water pollution and health issues such as methemoglobinemia.

- Naturally present in the environment through the nitrogen cycle.

- Human activities, such as excessive fertilization and burning of fossil fuels, contribute to increased nitrate levels.

- Can contaminate drinking water sources, especially in agricultural regions.

- Can be removed from water through various treatment processes, including reverse osmosis and ion exchange.