Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is a toxic gas that can cause a variety of harmful effects on human health. The severity of the effects depends on the concentration of SO₂ in the air, the duration of exposure, and the individual's susceptibility.

Respiratory effects

SO₂ is a respiratory irritant that can cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways. This can lead to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, SO₂ can cause bronchitis, pneumonia, and even death.

Cardiovascular effects

SO₂ can also have negative effects on the cardiovascular system. It can increase blood pressure, heart rate, and the risk of heart attacks.

Reproductive effects

SO₂ has been linked to reproductive problems in women, including menstrual irregularities, infertility, and miscarriage.

Eye irritation

SO₂ can also cause eye irritation, including redness, burning, and tearing.

Other effects

SO₂ can also cause other effects, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Vulnerable populations

Children, the elderly, and people with asthma or other respiratory conditions are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of SO₂.

Air quality standards

To protect human health, governments have set air quality standards for SO₂. These standards are based on the scientific evidence of the harmful effects of SO₂.