*Preparation of Dry Ammonia Gas*

Chemicals Required:

- Ammonium Chloride (NH₄Cl)

- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

- Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂)

Apparatus Required:

- Round bottom flask

- Separating funnel

- Delivery tube

- Rubber tubing

- Bubbler

Procedure:

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.

2. Place 50 g of Ammonium Chloride in a round bottom flask.

3. Add 100 ml of Sodium Hydroxide solution to the flask.

4. Add a few pieces of Calcium Chloride to the separating funnel.

5. Connect the round bottom flask to the separating funnel using a rubber tube.

6. Connect the separating funnel to the delivery tube using a rubber tube.

7. Place the end of the delivery tube into a bubbler filled with water.

8. Gently heat the round bottom flask using a Bunsen burner.

Observations:

- A white gas will begin to evolve from the flask.

- The white gas will pass through the separating funnel and the bubbler.

Conclusion:

- Dry ammonia gas is produced by the reaction of Ammonium Chloride and Sodium Hydroxide in the presence of Calcium Chloride.

- Dry ammonia gas is a colourless gas with a pungent odor.

- Dry ammonia gas is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, and nitric acid.