1. Nessler's Test:

- Add a few drops of Nessler's reagent to the test solution.

- The formation of a reddish-brown precipitate or coloration indicates the presence of ammonium ions.

2. Biuret Test:

- Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to the test solution, followed by a few drops of copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution.

- The formation of a violet or purple coloration after shaking indicates the presence of ammonium ions.

3. Litmus Paper Test:

- Dip a piece of red litmus paper into the test solution.

- If the litmus paper turns blue, it suggests the presence of ammonium ions, as they have a basic nature.

4. Ammonia Gas Release Test:

- Take the test solution, add a few drops of concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to it, and gently warm the mixture.

- If ammonium ions are present, the solution will emit a characteristic pungent odor of ammonia gas (NH3).

5. Confirming Test:

- To confirm the presence of ammonia, hold a piece of filter paper or dampened pH paper near the mouth of the test tube where ammonia gas is being released.

- The filter paper or pH paper will turn red when exposed to ammonia gas.

When conducting these tests, ensure that you take necessary safety precautions and properly dispose of any reagents or solutions used.