Polymers, such as plastics and synthetic fibers, are made from a wide range of raw materials, but the primary source is crude oil.

• Polyethylene (PE)

• Polypropylene (PP)

• Polystyrene (PS)

• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

These monomers are then polymerized, or linked together, to form long chains, or polymers. This process can be done through a variety of methods, including:

1. Addition Polymerization: In addition polymerization, monomers add together, one after the other, to form a polymer chain. This process is often used for alkenes, such as ethylene and propylene.

2. Condensation Polymerization: In condensation polymerization, monomers react with each other to form a polymer chain, with the elimination of water or another small molecule. This process is often used for monomers that contain two functional groups, such as amino acids and diols.

3. Ring-Opening Polymerization: In ring-opening polymerization, a cyclic monomer opens up and the resulting chain polymerizes. This process is often used for epoxides and lactams.