- Slower reaction rate: The reactants take longer to convert into products without an enzyme.

- Requires higher energy input: More energy is needed to activate the reactants and reach the transition state without the assistance of an enzyme.

- Less specific: Reactions without enzymes are less specific, meaning they can produce a variety of products.

Reaction with an enzyme:

- Faster reaction rate: Enzymes speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the conversion of reactants into products.

- Lower energy input: Enzymes allow reactions to occur at lower temperatures and with less energy input.

- Highly specific: Enzymes are highly specific for their substrates, meaning they only catalyze specific reactions. They bind to specific substrates and facilitate their conversion into specific products.

- Regulation: Enzyme activity can be regulated to control the rate of reactions in cells. This allows cells to maintain homeostasis and respond to changes in their environment.