2Na + 2CH3CH2OH → 2CH3CH2ONa + H2
In this reaction, sodium acts as a strong reducing agent, transferring electrons to the ethanol molecules. The ethanol molecules undergo oxidation, losing hydrogen atoms and gaining oxygen atoms to form ethoxide ions. The sodium atoms, on the other hand, gain electrons and are reduced to sodium ions.
The reaction between sodium and ethanol is highly exothermic, releasing a significant amount of heat. It is also a vigorous reaction, often accompanied by the evolution of flammable hydrogen gas. Therefore, it is important to conduct this reaction with proper safety precautions, such as working in a well-ventilated area and wearing appropriate protective gear.
