- Formed when two or more nonmetal atoms share electrons.

- Exist as discrete molecules with independent units held together by covalent bonds.

- Examples: Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4).

2. Ionic Compounds:

- Formed when one or more electrons transfer completely from a metal to a nonmetal.

- Consist of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), arranged in a crystalline lattice.

- Examples: Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Potassium Iodide (KI), Magnesium oxide (MgO).