The fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect is the equivalent of a new quantum liquid. It is a state of matter that occurs when a two-dimensional electron gas is subjected to a strong magnetic field and cooled to very low temperatures. In this state, the electrons form a new type of liquid that has strange and wonderful properties, such as the ability to flow without any resistance and the ability to form quasiparticles that have fractional charges. The FQH effect has been studied extensively over the past few decades and is considered to be one of the most important discoveries in condensed matter physics.