Forever chemicals, also known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are a group of man-made chemicals that have been used in a wide range of products since the 1940s. They are resistant to heat, water, and oil, which makes them useful for a variety of applications, including nonstick coatings, waterproof clothing, and fire-fighting foam.

However, PFAS have also been linked to a number of health problems, including:

* Cancer: PFAS have been linked to an increased risk of several types of cancer, including kidney cancer, testicular cancer, and prostate cancer.

* Birth defects: PFAS have been linked to an increased risk of birth defects, such as cleft lip and palate, and low birth weight.

* Immune system problems: PFAS have been linked to an increased risk of immune system problems, such as allergies and asthma.

* Liver damage: PFAS have been linked to liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

* Thyroid problems: PFAS have been linked to thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism and goiter.

The health effects of PFAS are still being studied, but it is clear that these chemicals can have a number of negative impacts on human health.

How are people exposed to PFAS?

PFAS can enter the environment from a number of sources, including:

* Industrial emissions: PFAS are released into the air, water, and soil from industrial facilities that manufacture or use PFAS.

* Consumer products: PFAS are used in a wide range of consumer products, such as nonstick cookware, waterproof clothing, and fire-fighting foam.

* Landfills and wastewater treatment plants: PFAS can leach into the environment from landfills and wastewater treatment plants that receive waste from industrial facilities or consumers.

PFAS can enter the human body through the air, water, food, or skin. Once in the body, PFAS can accumulate over time and can take years to break down.

What can be done to reduce exposure to PFAS?

There are a number of things that people can do to reduce their exposure to PFAS, including:

* Avoid products that contain PFAS: Look for products that are labeled as "PFAS-free" or "PFOA-free."

* Filter your drinking water: Use a water filter that removes PFAS.

* Eat a healthy diet: Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, which can help to reduce the absorption of PFAS.

* Avoid contact with contaminated soil and water: Avoid playing in or near contaminated soil or water.

If you are concerned about your exposure to PFAS, talk to your doctor.