The muscular system includes all muscles, from large leg muscles to tiny eye muscles. For science educators, a tangible 3‑D model helps illustrate muscle mechanics and enhances learning for visual and kinesthetic students.
Secure two hook screws onto a tennis ball, positioning them on opposite sides.
Drill two holes into one end of each 18‑inch PVC pipe, again on opposite sides.
Thread a hook screw into each drilled hole.
Place the tennis ball between the two PVC pipes so that the hooks face outward on each side.
Attach a bungee cord from one pipe’s end to a hook on the ball.
Repeat with a second bungee cord on the same pipe, connecting the other hook to the ball’s opposite side.
Mirror the process with the second PVC pipe.
Inflate a balloon until it reaches roughly one‑third capacity.
Bend the assembled structure to a 90‑degree angle.
Place the inflated balloon over the bent section.
Secure the balloon’s ends to the PVC pipes with tape.
Stretch the model to demonstrate a muscle’s contraction and release it to show extension.
