The cell body with many short strands branching out from it is called a neuron.

Here's why:

* Neuron: The basic unit of the nervous system. It's responsible for transmitting information throughout the body.

* Cell Body (Soma): The central part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles.

* Dendrites: The short, branching strands that extend from the cell body. They receive signals from other neurons.

Let me know if you have any other questions about neurons!