* Transcription: RNA polymerase reads the DNA template and creates a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA molecule is called messenger RNA (mRNA).
* Export: The mRNA then exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.
* Translation: In the cytoplasm, the mRNA encounters ribosomes. Ribosomes are complex structures that act as "factories" for protein synthesis. They read the mRNA code, which is a sequence of three-letter "words" called codons.
* Amino Acids: Each codon specifies a particular amino acid.
* Protein Synthesis: The ribosome, with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, brings the correct amino acids to the mRNA based on the codons. The tRNA molecules attach to the mRNA codons and deliver the corresponding amino acids. These amino acids are linked together in a chain, forming a polypeptide.
* Protein: The polypeptide chain then folds into a specific three-dimensional shape, creating a functional protein.
So, to answer your question directly:
* Where: After transcription, mRNA enters the cytoplasm.
* Used by: It is used by ribosomes.
* To produce: It is used to produce proteins.