Here's why:
* Enzymes are proteins: Enzymes are biological catalysts made of proteins. Proteins have a specific three-dimensional shape that is crucial for their function.
* Shape determines function: The active site of an enzyme, where it binds to its substrate, is a specific part of its three-dimensional structure. If the shape changes, the active site is disrupted, and the enzyme can no longer function properly.
* Extreme conditions disrupt bonds: High temperatures and pH values can break the weak bonds (hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds) that hold the protein's structure together. This disrupts the delicate balance of forces maintaining the enzyme's shape, causing it to unfold and lose its functional three-dimensional structure.
Denaturation is often irreversible, meaning the enzyme cannot regain its original shape and function even if the conditions are returned to normal.
