1. DNA Replication: Before mitosis begins, the cell's DNA undergoes replication, creating two identical copies of the entire genome. These copies are attached to each other at the centromere.
2. Chromosomes Alignment: During metaphase, the replicated chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell, with each chromosome attached to spindle fibers emanating from opposite poles.
3. Chromosome Separation: During anaphase, the spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids (identical copies of each chromosome) apart. Each sister chromatid now becomes a separate chromosome.
4. Cytokinesis: Finally, the cell membrane pinches inwards, dividing the cytoplasm and forming two separate daughter cells, each containing a complete and identical set of chromosomes.
In summary:
* Replication: The DNA is accurately copied before mitosis.
* Alignment: The replicated chromosomes are meticulously aligned at the cell equator.
* Separation: Sister chromatids are precisely separated and distributed into two distinct daughter cells.
This process ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, making them genetically identical to the original parent cell and to each other.
Note: Mitosis is a critical process for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms. The ability to create genetically identical daughter cells allows for the maintenance of the organism's genetic integrity and the formation of new cells that can perform the same functions as the parent cell.
