Genetics experiments on the breeding of plants or animals are based on the laws of inheritance. These laws were first described by Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century, and they govern how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Here are the main laws of inheritance:

* Law of Segregation: Each individual carries two copies of each gene, one from each parent. These copies separate during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), so that each gamete receives only one copy.

* Law of Independent Assortment: Different genes segregate independently of each other during gamete formation. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait.

* Law of Dominance: Some alleles (versions of a gene) are dominant over others. This means that if an individual inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele, the dominant allele will be expressed.

These laws are the foundation of modern genetics and they are used to predict the outcomes of breeding experiments and to understand the inheritance of traits in both plants and animals.