The process that occurs after transcription to produce a new protein molecule is called translation. Here's a breakdown:

1. Transcription:

* DNA is copied into mRNA: In the nucleus, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This mRNA molecule carries the genetic code for the protein.

2. Translation:

* mRNA travels to the ribosome: The mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

* Ribosome reads the mRNA: The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence in codons (groups of three nucleotides).

* tRNA brings amino acids: Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, recognize the codons and bind to the mRNA.

* Amino acids link together: As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, the amino acids are linked together in a chain, forming a polypeptide.

* Polypeptide folds into a protein: The polypeptide chain then folds into a complex three-dimensional structure, forming a functional protein.

In Summary:

Transcription produces an mRNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. Translation then uses this mRNA to direct the assembly of a protein from amino acids. This process is essential for life as proteins perform a wide range of functions in cells and organisms.