* DNA contains the instructions: DNA acts like a blueprint, holding the genetic code for building and maintaining an organism. It's like a recipe book containing instructions for creating all the proteins an organism needs.
* Proteins are the builders and doers: Proteins are the building blocks of cells and tissues. They perform a wide variety of functions, including:
* Enzymes: Catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions in the body.
* Structural components: Provide shape and support to cells and tissues.
* Hormones: Act as chemical messengers to regulate bodily functions.
* Antibodies: Help fight off infections.
* Transport molecules: Carry substances throughout the body.
The process of creating proteins from DNA is called protein synthesis and involves two main steps:
1. Transcription: DNA is copied into a molecule called mRNA (messenger RNA).
2. Translation: mRNA travels to ribosomes (cellular factories) where the genetic code is read and used to assemble amino acids into protein chains.
So, DNA provides the instructions, and proteins carry out the instructions. They work together to build, maintain, and regulate life.
