1. Centrioles: These are small, cylindrical structures involved in cell division, specifically in the formation of microtubules that help separate chromosomes.
2. Lysosomes: These are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste, worn-out organelles, and engulfed material.
3. Flagella: These are long, whip-like structures used for locomotion in some animal cells, like sperm cells.
4. Cilia: These are short, hair-like structures that can beat rhythmically to move fluids or particles past the cell.
5. Intermediate filaments: These are fibrous proteins that provide structural support and help maintain cell shape.
6. Tight junctions, Gap junctions, Desmosomes: These are specialized cell junctions that allow animal cells to adhere to each other and communicate. Plant cells use plasmodesmata for communication.
7. Glycogen: Animal cells store excess energy as glycogen, a complex carbohydrate. Plant cells store energy as starch.
8. Cholesterol: Animal cell membranes contain cholesterol, which helps maintain fluidity and stability. Plant cells do not have cholesterol.
Important Note: While these are generally true, there are exceptions! For example, some plant cells do have structures that resemble flagella, and some animal cells lack lysosomes.
