The scientists who established the structure of DNA were James Watson and Francis Crick, who published their groundbreaking discovery in 1953. However, their work was heavily influenced by the research of several other scientists, including:

* Rosalind Franklin: Her X-ray diffraction images of DNA, particularly "Photo 51," provided crucial evidence about the helical structure of DNA.

* Maurice Wilkins: He worked alongside Rosalind Franklin at King's College London, and provided Watson and Crick with access to Franklin's data.

* Erwin Chargaff: He discovered the base pairing rules of DNA (A with T, and C with G), which were essential for Watson and Crick to develop their model.

While Watson and Crick received the Nobel Prize for their discovery, Rosalind Franklin's contributions were unfortunately not acknowledged during her lifetime. It is now recognized that her research was vital to understanding the structure of DNA.