1. Replication: Before mitosis begins, the DNA in each chromosome is replicated, creating two identical copies of each chromosome. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genes.
2. Condensation: The replicated chromosomes condense into compact structures, becoming visible under a microscope. This condensation helps to prevent tangling and ensures that the chromosomes are evenly distributed to the daughter cells.
3. Alignment: The condensed chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, forming the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of each chromosome.
4. Separation: The replicated chromosomes separate, with one copy moving to each pole of the cell. This separation is driven by spindle fibers, which attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
5. Decondensation: After the chromosomes have separated, they decondense, returning to their less compact state. This allows for the proper functioning of genes in the daughter cells.
6. Nuclear envelope formation: Finally, a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, creating two distinct nuclei in the daughter cells.
In summary:
* Mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's genes.
* The genes are replicated, condensed, aligned, separated, and then decondensed during the process.
* This ensures that each daughter cell has a complete set of genes, allowing for proper cellular function and development.
