Membrane-Bound Organelles:
* Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA) and responsible for regulating cellular activities.
* Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of interconnected membranes involved in protein synthesis (rough ER) and lipid metabolism (smooth ER).
* Golgi Apparatus: A stack of flattened sacs that process, package, and sort proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
* Lysosomes: Membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste products and foreign materials.
* Peroxisomes: Small, membrane-bound organelles involved in detoxification and lipid metabolism.
* Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell, responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration.
* Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Organelles responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Non-Membrane Bound Organelles:
* Ribosomes: Tiny particles responsible for protein synthesis. While present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and have a slightly different structure.
* Centrioles (in animal cells): Barrel-shaped structures involved in cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella.
Key takeaway: Prokaryotic cells lack the complex internal organization of eukaryotic cells and do not have membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, or chloroplasts.
