1. Decomposition: Fungi are essential for breaking down dead organic matter, such as fallen leaves, dead trees, and animal carcasses. This process releases nutrients back into the ecosystem, making them available for other organisms.

2. Symbiosis: Fungi form mutually beneficial relationships with other organisms. For example, mycorrhizal fungi form partnerships with plant roots, helping them absorb nutrients from the soil. Lichen is another example, where fungi live in symbiosis with algae or cyanobacteria.

These two functions highlight the vital role fungi play in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.