1. Sample Preparation: Electron microscopy requires extensive sample preparation. Microorganisms must be carefully fixed, dehydrated, and often coated with a thin layer of metal. This process can be time-consuming, technically challenging, and potentially distort the natural structure of the organism.
2. Limited to Dead Specimens: Electron microscopy uses high-energy electron beams that can damage biological samples. Therefore, it is only suitable for viewing dead or preserved microorganisms. This makes it impossible to study the dynamic processes occurring within living cells.
3. Cost and Complexity: Electron microscopes are expensive pieces of equipment that require specialized training and expertise to operate. This limits their accessibility to researchers and institutions with adequate resources.
