* Proton gradient: The channel utilizes the energy stored in the proton gradient across the membrane. Protons, driven by the concentration gradient, move from the intermembrane space (high concentration) to the mitochondrial matrix (low concentration).
* Rotation: This movement of protons drives the rotation of a part of the ATP synthase called the rotor.
* ATP production: This rotation, in turn, powers the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Therefore, the ATP synthase channel is highly specific and only allows protons to pass through, playing a vital role in the energy production of cells.
