1. Neurons: These are the fundamental units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. They are specialized cells that communicate with each other through electrochemical signals.
2. Glial cells: These are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons. They perform a variety of functions, including:
* Providing structural support: Glial cells help hold neurons in place.
* Regulating the extracellular environment: They maintain the appropriate chemical balance around neurons.
* Insulating neurons: Some glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, form myelin sheaths around axons, which speed up nerve impulse transmission.
* Protecting neurons: Glial cells can engulf and remove debris, and some are involved in immune responses.
There are many different types of glial cells, each with its own specific function. While neurons are the stars of the show, glial cells are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
